Below is the quick summary of the differences between POE,POE+ and UPOE.
POE is the oldest standard for the devices which can be powered on from the switch. POE enabled switches can only provide upto 15W to the connected devices like phones.
Later on POE+ standard was evolved. Switches which are complied to POE+ standard can provide 30W of power to the connected devices.
Latest standard in this series is UPOE which is not a universal standard but a cisco Proprietary. According to which UPOE enabled switches can provide 60 W of power to the connected devices. Now we can power up not only phones but also PCs/Laptops from the switches.
Below are few more differences.