Saturday, 13 May 2017

BGP - Path Selection Criteria


Below is the BGP path selection criteria.

1.       Highest Weight
2.       Highest local preference
3.       Locally generated routes
4.       Shortest AS Path
5.      Origin Code
6.    Lowest MED
7.       eBGP over iBGP
8.       Lowest IGP metric to the BGP next hop.
9.       Oldest Route in case of ebgp
10.   BGP router with the lowest router ID.
11.   Minimum cluster id
12.   Lowest neighbor address.

Monday, 8 May 2017

IPsec configuration example




PC1:-

PC1> show ip

NAME        : PC1[1]
IP/MASK     : 10.1.1.10/24
GATEWAY     : 10.1.1.1
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:00
LPORT       : 10005
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10004
MTU:        : 1500

R1:-

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description *** Connected to R2 ***
 ip address 12.12.12.1 255.255.255.0
no shut

interface FastEthernet2/0
description *** Connected to PC1 ***
 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.12.12.2   \\Default route towards Internet \\

crypto isakmp policy 1  \\Phase 1 parameters \\
 encr 3des
 hash md5
 authentication pre-share
 group 2

crypto isakmp key EncryKey address 45.45.45.5 \\EncryKey is the pre share key.must match on both side

crypto ipsec transform-set VPN_R1_R5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac \\ Phase 2 Parameters \\

crypto map ipsec__R1_R5 10 ipsec-isakmp
 set peer 45.45.45.5                                                \\Peer router IP address \\
 set transform-set VPN_R1_R5
 match address Client_traffic

ip access-list extended Client_traffic
 permit ip 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 50.1.1.0 0.0.0.255  \\interesting traffic allowed on IPsec tunnel \\


interface FastEthernet0/0
crypto map ipsec__R1_R5   \\Called crypto map under internet facing interface \\
no shut

R2:-

interface FastEthernet0/0
description *** Connected to R1 ***
 ip address 12.12.12.2 255.255.255.0
no shut

interface FastEthernet0/1
description *** Connected to R3 ***
 ip address 23.23.23.2 255.255.255.0
no shut

router eigrp 1   \\ Used to provide connectivity between R2 to R4 only \\
 network 12.12.12.2 0.0.0.0
 network 23.23.23.2 0.0.0.0


R3:-

interface FastEthernet0/1
description *** Connected to R2 ***
 ip address 23.23.23.3 255.255.255.0
no shut

interface FastEthernet1/0
description *** Connected to R4 ***
 ip address 34.34.34.3 255.255.255.0
no shut

router eigrp 1
 network 23.23.23.3 0.0.0.0
 network 34.34.34.3 0.0.0.0


R4:-

interface FastEthernet0/0
description *** Connected to R5 ***
 ip address 45.45.45.4 255.255.255.0
 speed auto
 duplex auto

interface FastEthernet1/0
description *** Connected to R3 ***
 ip address 34.34.34.4 255.255.255.0
no shut

router eigrp 1
 network 34.34.34.4 0.0.0.0
 network 45.45.45.4 0.0.0.0

R5:-

interface FastEthernet0/0
 description *** Connected to R4 ***
 ip address 45.45.45.5 255.255.255.0

interface FastEthernet2/0
description *** Connected to PC2 ***
 ip address 50.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
no shut

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 45.45.45.4  \\Default route towards Internet \\

crypto isakmp policy 1 \\Phase 1 parameters \\
 encr 3des
 hash md5
 authentication pre-share
 group 2

crypto isakmp key EncryKey address 12.12.12.1  \\EncryKey is the pre share key.must match on both side

crypto ipsec transform-set VPN_R1_R5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac \\ Phase 2 Parameters \\

crypto map ipsec__R1_R5 10 ipsec-isakmp
 set peer 12.12.12.1                                              \\Peer router IP address \\
 set transform-set VPN_R1_R5
 match address Client_traffic

interface FastEthernet0/0
crypto map ipsec__R1_R5

ip access-list extended Client_traffic
permit ip 50.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255   \\interesting traffic allowed on IPsec tunnel \\

PC2:-

PC2> show ip

NAME        : PC2[1]
IP/MASK     : 50.1.1.10/24
GATEWAY     : 50.1.1.1
DNS         :
MAC         : 00:50:79:66:68:01
LPORT       : 10011
RHOST:PORT  : 127.0.0.1:10010
MTU:        : 1500


Verification:-

PC1:-

 PC1> ping 50.1.1.10   \\ Able to ping PC2 \\
84 bytes from 50.1.1.10 icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=109.170 ms
84 bytes from 50.1.1.10 icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=140.362 ms
84 bytes from 50.1.1.10 icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=93.574 ms
84 bytes from 50.1.1.10 icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=109.169 ms
84 bytes from 50.1.1.10 icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=124.765 ms

PC1> trace 50.1.1.10
trace to 50.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
 1   10.1.1.1   46.787 ms  15.596 ms  15.596 ms
 2     *  *  *
 3   *50.1.1.10   171.553 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)

R1:-

R1#show crypto isakmp sa                  \\ Phase 1 verfication \\
dst             src             state          conn-id slot status
45.45.45.5      12.12.12.1      QM_IDLE              1    0 ACTIVE  \\ QM_Idle is good \\

R1#show crypto ipsec sa

interface: FastEthernet0/0
    Crypto map tag: ipsec__R1_R5, local addr 12.12.12.1

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)       \\interesting source traffic  \\
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)   \\interesting destination traffic  \\

   current_peer 45.45.45.5 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 4, #pkts encrypt: 4, #pkts digest: 4         \\ Shows encrypted and decrypted packets \\
    #pkts decaps: 4, #pkts decrypt: 4, #pkts verify: 4
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 12.12.12.1, remote crypto endpt.: 45.45.45.5  \\ Tunnel end points \\
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb FastEthernet0/0
     current outbound spi: 0xFB8DE8A1(4220381345)

     inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xF4E3ADA1(4108561825)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 2003, flow_id: SW:3, crypto map: ipsec__R1_R5
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4501412/3567)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE         \\ Phase2 is up \\

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xFB8DE8A1(4220381345)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 2002, flow_id: SW:2, crypto map: ipsec__R1_R5
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4501412/3565)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE    \\ Phase2 is up \\

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

R1#sh ip access-lists
Extended IP access list Client_traffic
    10 permit ip 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 50.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 (8 matches) \\ ACL hit count shows that traffic is hitting Router  \\

R1#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 12.12.12.2 to network 0.0.0.0

     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       10.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       12.12.12.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.12.12.2

R2:-

R2#sh ip eigrp neighbors
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(1)
H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq
                                            (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num
0   23.23.23.3              Fa0/1             14 01:22:19   41   246  0  8

R2#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      12.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        12.12.12.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L        12.12.12.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
      23.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        23.23.23.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L        23.23.23.2/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
      34.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        34.34.34.0 [90/30720] via 23.23.23.3, 01:22:14, FastEthernet0/1
      45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        45.45.45.0 [90/33280] via 23.23.23.3, 01:21:20, FastEthernet0/1

R2#sh cdp neighbors
Capability Codes: R - Router, T - Trans Bridge, B - Source Route Bridge
                  S - Switch, H - Host, I - IGMP, r - Repeater, P - Phone

Device ID        Local Intrfce     Holdtme    Capability  Platform  Port ID
R3               Fas 0/1           174            R       7206VXR   Fas 0/1
R1             Fas 0/0           163          R S I     3745      Fas 0/0

R3:-

R3#sh ip eigrp neighbors
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(1)
H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq
                                            (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num
1   34.34.34.4              Fa1/0             11 01:21:53   47   282  0  4
0   23.23.23.2              Fa0/1             12 01:22:47 1035  5000  0  4


R3#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        12.12.12.0 [90/30720] via 23.23.23.2, 01:22:48, FastEthernet0/1
      23.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        23.23.23.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
L        23.23.23.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
      34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L        34.34.34.3/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
      45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        45.45.45.0 [90/30720] via 34.34.34.4, 01:21:49, FastEthernet1/0

R4:-

R4#sh ip eigrp neighbors
EIGRP-IPv4 Neighbors for AS(1)
H   Address                 Interface       Hold Uptime   SRTT   RTO  Q  Seq
                                            (sec)         (ms)       Cnt Num
0   34.34.34.3              Fa1/0             14 01:59:20 1270  5000  0  7

R4#sh ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP
       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        12.12.12.0 [90/33280] via 34.34.34.3, 01:59:21, FastEthernet1/0
      23.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
D        23.23.23.0 [90/30720] via 34.34.34.3, 01:59:21, FastEthernet1/0
      34.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        34.34.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
L        34.34.34.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
      45.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C        45.45.45.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
L        45.45.45.4/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R5:-

R5#sh ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is 45.45.45.4 to network 0.0.0.0

     50.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       50.1.1.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0
     45.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       45.45.45.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 45.45.45.4

R5#sh crypto isakmp sa  \\ Phase1 is up \\
dst             src             state          conn-id slot status
45.45.45.5      12.12.12.1      QM_IDLE              1    0 ACTIVE

R5#show crypto ipsec sa

interface: FastEthernet0/0
    Crypto map tag: ipsec__R1_R5, local addr 45.45.45.5

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)
   current_peer 12.12.12.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 22, #pkts encrypt: 22, #pkts digest: 22          \\ Number of packets encrypted \\
    #pkts decaps: 22, #pkts decrypt: 22, #pkts verify: 22          \\ Number of packets decrypted \\
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 2, #recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 45.45.45.5, remote crypto endpt.: 12.12.12.1   \\ Tunnel end points \\
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb FastEthernet0/0
     current outbound spi: 0xF4E3ADA1(4108561825)

     inbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xFB8DE8A1(4220381345)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 2003, flow_id: SW:3, crypto map: ipsec__R1_R5
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607263/1083)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE      \\ Phase2 is up \\

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:
      spi: 0xF4E3ADA1(4108561825)
        transform: esp-3des esp-md5-hmac ,
        in use settings ={Tunnel, }
        conn id: 2002, flow_id: SW:2, crypto map: ipsec__R1_R5
        sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (4607263/1068)
        IV size: 8 bytes
        replay detection support: Y
        Status: ACTIVE      \\ Phase2 is up \\

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)  
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/0/0)  
   current_peer 12.12.12.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest: 0
    #pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 45.45.45.5, remote crypto endpt.: 12.12.12.1
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb FastEthernet0/0
     current outbound spi: 0x0(0)

     inbound esp sas:

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

   protected vrf: (none)
   local  ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/10/0)
   remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0/10/0)
   current_peer 12.12.12.1 port 500
     PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
    #pkts encaps: 0, #pkts encrypt: 0, #pkts digest: 0
    #pkts decaps: 0, #pkts decrypt: 0, #pkts verify: 0
    #pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
    #pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
    #pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
    #send errors 0, #recv errors 0

     local crypto endpt.: 45.45.45.5, remote crypto endpt.: 12.12.12.1
     path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb FastEthernet0/0
     current outbound spi: 0x0(0)

     inbound esp sas:

     inbound ah sas:

     inbound pcp sas:

     outbound esp sas:

     outbound ah sas:

     outbound pcp sas:

R5#               show crypto session detail
Crypto session current status

Code: C - IKE Configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection
K - Keepalives, N - NAT-traversal, X - IKE Extended Authentication

Interface: FastEthernet0/0
Session status: UP-ACTIVE
Peer: 12.12.12.1 port 500 fvrf: (none) ivrf: (none)
      Phase1_id: 12.12.12.1
      Desc: (none)
  IKE SA: local 45.45.45.5/500 remote 12.12.12.1/500 Active
          Capabilities:D connid:1 lifetime:22:33:45
  IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0
        Active SAs: 2, origin: crypto map
        Inbound:  #pkts dec'ed 22 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 4607263/1056
        Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 22 drop 2 life (KB/Sec) 4607263/1056
  IPSEC FLOW: permit ip 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0
        Active SAs: 0, origin: crypto map
        Inbound:  #pkts dec'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0
        Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0
  IPSEC FLOW: permit 10 50.1.1.0/255.255.255.0 10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0
        Active SAs: 0, origin: crypto map
        Inbound:  #pkts dec'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0
        Outbound: #pkts enc'ed 0 drop 0 life (KB/Sec) 0/0

R5#      ping 10.1.1.1 source 50.1.1.1  

Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
Packet sent with a source address of 50.1.1.1
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 164/336/940 ms

ESW2#show crypto isakmp sa de
Codes: C - IKE configuration mode, D - Dead Peer Detection
       K - Keepalives, N - NAT-traversal
       X - IKE Extended Authentication
       psk - Preshared key, rsig - RSA signature
       renc - RSA encryption

C-id  Local           Remote          I-VRF    Status Encr Hash Auth DH Lifetime Cap.
1     45.45.45.5      12.12.12.1               ACTIVE 3des md5  psk  2  22:21:05
       Connection-id:Engine-id =  1:1(software)

PC2:-

PC2> ping 10.1.1.10 \\ Able to ping PC1 \\
84 bytes from 10.1.1.10 icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=77.979 ms
84 bytes from 10.1.1.10 icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=124.766 ms
84 bytes from 10.1.1.10 icmp_seq=3 ttl=62 time=140.361 ms
84 bytes from 10.1.1.10 icmp_seq=4 ttl=62 time=155.957 ms
84 bytes from 10.1.1.10 icmp_seq=5 ttl=62 time=109.170 ms

PC2> trace 10.1.1.10
trace to 10.1.1.10, 8 hops max, press Ctrl+C to stop
 1   50.1.1.1   15.596 ms  15.595 ms  15.596 ms
 2   10.1.1.10   140.361 ms (ICMP type:3, code:3, Destination port unreachable)