Basic Vs Standard Public Ip Adddress SKU in AZURE

 Publick IP address in Azure is available in two SKUs.

Below are the key dfferences between Basic and Standard Public IP addresses.

IP Helper address in NXOS

 In NX-OS, the command equivalent to Cisco IOS's ip helper-address for DHCP relay is ip dhcp relay address. Both commands serve the same purpose: forwarding DHCP requests from clients to a DHCP server located on a different subnet.

Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) Vs Multimode Fiber (MMF)

The main difference between single-mode and multimode fiber optic cables lies in how they transmit light and the distances they can cover:

Cold Vs Warm APIC

 Unlike a Cold Standby APIC, which remains inactive and holds no data until it is promoted to active, a Warm Standby APIC continuously synchronizes data from the active APIC nodes while remaining in standby mode. This ongoing synchronization ensures that, in the event of data loss across the APIC cluster, the Warm Standby can be used to restore the cluster, even if parts of the distributed database are permanently lost.

Note - From 6.1(2), standby APIC can be setup as Warm standby APIC.

How to Encrypt current and new Pre-shared Keys in a Router

 How to set up encryption of both current and new pre-shared keys in a router.

Router(config)#key config-key password-encrypt Ourkey123
Router(config)#password encryption aes

How to Update the Default BIOS Password on Cisco APIC

Securing your Cisco APIC server starts with a strong BIOS password. Whether you're setting it up for the first time or updating it, here’s a quick walkthrough to change the BIOS administrator password.

 Step-by-Step Guide

1. Enter BIOS Setup
   Reboot the server and press F2 when prompted with “Press Setup”.
2. Authenticate
   Enter the current BIOS password.
   Default passwords: "password" or "Insieme123" (for APIC-L4/M4 servers).
3. Navigate to Security Settings
   Go to the Security tab and select Set Administrator Password.
4. Update the Password
• Enter the current password.
• Type in the new password.
• Confirm the new password.
5. Save and Exit
   Head to the Save & Exit tab, choose Yes, and let the system reboot.

NOTE - Starting with release 6.0(2), Cisco APIC supports the APIC-L4 and APIC-M4 servers, which come with default BIOS passwords set to either 'password' or 'Insieme123'